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 VINTAGE McINTOSH T SHIRT TAN MED amplifier integrated amp tube solid state US $15.00 
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 REALISTIC SA-500 SOLID STATE STEREO AMPLIFIER - Parts only US $40.00
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 GE General Electric Solid State V211 P Vintage Portable Record Player US $19.99
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 Commodore solid state AM-FM-AFC working radio battery and electric power US $9.95
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 Vintage GE General Electric AM/FM Solid State Radio Model P977E US $.99
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 Marantz 2215B Window. Part# 295615801 Also Parting Out Many Solidstate Receivers US $22.99
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 Vintage Realistic Solid State AM/FM Radio 12-635A US $24.99
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 VINTAGE SANSUI 3000 AM FM STEREO RECEIVER HIFI TUNER AMPLIFIER SOLID STATE NR US $49.99
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 SAE 8000 MARK VIII FM TUNER STEREO HIFI RECEIVER MPX SOLID STATE ASIS REPAIR US $49.99
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 HARMAN KARDON CITATION 12 SOLID STATE AMPLIFIER RAT ROD AS IS PARTS TWELVE AMP US $49.99
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 ACOUSTECH XII SOLID STATE AMPLIFYING SYSTEM STEREO INTEGRATED HIFI AMPLIFIER NR US $49.99
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 ZENITH STEREOPHONIC SOLID STATE RECORD PLAYER W/DETACHABLE SPEAKERS; 60's/70's US $24.95
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 Vintage Onkyo Model T-4055 Solid State AM FM Stereo Tuner US $29.99
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 Vintage Sony Solid State AM/FM stereo receiver tuner ST-5600 Japan wood grain US $19.99
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 JBL SA660 Solid State Amplifier SA-660 RARE US $2,499.99
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 Replacement Solid State Rectifier SSDI 7926 TA10KV New in Box US $14.00
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 Realistic Solid State Stereo Pre-Amplifier 42-2930 in original Box US $15.99
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 Sony Solid State TC-366 Sony Vintage Solid State reel to reel recorder cover in US $79.99
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 ARVIN 20L 11-18 SOLID STATE CASSETTE TAPE RECORDER NEW IN BOX MADE IN JAPAN US $199.99
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 VINTAGE TRUETONE MID-CENTURY BOOKSHELF DESKTOP RADIO AM SOLID STATE US $32.99
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 vintage realistic solid state stereo receiver sta-36 US $45.00
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 BH464 Vtg Muzak Solid State Amplifier Amp Model A-10 US $14.99
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 Vintage Motorola Solid State Stereo 8 Track Player Excellent Condition US $49.99
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 Vintage Nobility AM Solid State Pocket Transistor Radio Model K-14-600 US $14.00
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 LLOYDS SOLID STATE MONAURAL CASSETTE RECORDER US $18.50
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 VINTAGE RCA SOLID STATE AM/FM TABLE RADIO MODEL RZCADE IN JAPAN US $39.99
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 Vintage Sonnet Multi Band Solid State Radio AM FM Weather Band Receiver Working US $35.00
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 VINTAGE SILVANO SOLID STATE RADIO PHONE US $99.99
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 ALARON SOLID STATE PORTABLE AM RADIO US $9.95
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 Sansui 5000a Solid State Stereo Receiver Tuner Amplifier Amp AM/FM US $79.00
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 VINTAGE AIRCASTLE 8 TRACK TAPE PLAYER WITH AM RADIO. SOLID STATE, WORKS!!! US $7.99
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 Vintage ZENITH SOLID STATE AM/FM ALARM CLOCK RADIO MODEL K472W US $7.99
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 VINTAGE RIPCASTLE SOLID STATE 12 TRANSISTOR AM & VHF RADIO US $4.99
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 VINTAGE MAGNAVOX SOLID STATE AM FM RADIO MODEL FM 15 US $6.99
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 Vintage Petrasonic Solid State Transistor Multi-Band Radio (Hong Kong) US $24.00
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 VINTAGE SONY SOLID STATE TR 8060 (WORK-USED) 1973 US $33.00
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 Vintage Solid State Cariole Cassette Recorder/Player W/ Case Model 19545 US $19.99
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 Vintage Zenith Solid State Record Player Suitcase Diamond Needle - SWEET!!!!! US $100.00
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 Raymer Solid State 100 Watts amp model 810-100A US $49.00
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 Vintage Realistic STA-850 solid state receiver***WORKS*** USED****50 WPC** US $.99
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 Vintage Solid State Zenith Radio US $15.00
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 EMERSON SOLID STATE VINTAGE RADIO US $14.99
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 Kenwood Solid State AM/FM Stereo Receiver KR 5400 US $50.00
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 Vintage Midland International - Solid State AM-FM-Police Portable Radio - Neat ! US $.99
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 VINTAGE GENERAL ELECTRIC SOLID STATE AM RADIO US $21.99
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 VINTAGE SOLID STATE AM RADIO PASSPORT US $29.99
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 Panasonic Model RE 7671 Solid State Receiver US $19.99
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 ELECTROPHONIC SOLID STATE 8 TRACK PLAYER US $14.99
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 AMC Portable AM/FM Solid State Recorder US $50.00
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 GE (General Electric) Solid State Clock Radio - Vintage Model C1478D US $9.95
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 VINTAGE SANSUI MODEL 3000A SOLIDSTATE AM/FM STEREO RECEIVER - VERY NICE!!! US $189.00
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 Replacement Solid State Rectifier 1N2634 US $9.98
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 General electric faux bois wood grain 285c nutmeg solid state radio vintage US $16.99
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 Vintage Truetone Solidstate AM Clock Radio Model DC 2910 Avocado Green US $9.99
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 VINTAGE PHASE LINEAR 400 SOLID STATE TUBE AMP LABRATORY STANDARD AMPLIFIER US $150.00
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 Tube AMP Power Transformer Supply 360 Ohm Choke Solid State Rectifier 5Y3 5U4 US $26.00
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 VINTAGE SONY REEL TO REEL SOLID STATE SONY-MATIC TAPE RECORDER VERY NICE! US $11.50
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 McIntosh C-26 Solid State Stereo PreAmplifier US $355.00
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 Vintage ZENITH CLOCK RADIO Eames Era Atomic Era RETRO Solid State B-266W WORKS! US $9.99
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 McINTOSH T SHIRT XL solid state amplifier tube amp MC vintage US $15.00
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 1L6 Solid State Replacement Tube in Glass Trans Oceanic US $44.00
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 Vintage Gemini Solid State Audio Tape Recorder Player 3" Reels US $12.99
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 DavidyeeAudio Handmade Solid-state Stereo power amp very nice heavy duty power US $12.50
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 vintage Realistic SA-10 Solid State Stereo Amplifier Perfect and Mint US $24.47
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 Working RETRO General Electric Model C1470-B Solid State Radio Alarm Clock. US $85.00
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 Vintage SEARS Solid State AM/FM Stereo 8 EIGHT TRACK PLAYER Portable Radio WORKS US $35.74
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 Harman-Kardon 330A AM FM Stereo Solid State Receiver Dealer Brochure Specs US $12.99
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 c.1970 Magnavox Solid State Cartridge Recorder cassette player~NOS still sealed! US $79.95
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 Vintage Sears Solid State AM Radio Phonograph Record Player US $34.95
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 Realistic Solid State Stereo Pre Amplifier Vintage 42-2101A Radio Shack US $3.99
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 GLEAMING New Old Stock Fisher Knobs 500-TX 800-T Solid State Receivers & others US $14.95
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 vintage ge solid state trimeline 500 record player US $50.00
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 Dunlap Clarke Dreadnaught 250 Solid State Power Amplifier Nice Vintage US $799.00
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 Zenith Royal E74 Solid State Radio Service Manual RA-58 US $6.49
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 KENWOOD SOLID STATE AM-FM STEREO TUNER KT8005 US $300.00
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 Vintage GE AM Solid State Radio US $10.00
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 GENERAL ELECTRIC SOLID STATE STEREO VINTAGE WORKS GREAT! US $9.99
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 Vintage Solid State Juliette Portable AM FM Radio. For Patrs. US $5.96
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 Replacement Solid State Rectifier S5298 Tarzian US $12.00
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 PANASONIC RE-7671 FET SOLID STATE RECEIVER VINTAGE US $29.99
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 Small Zenith Solid State AM Radio Model Y235A. Dirty and Cracked. US $12.99
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 Vintage Collectible Sears Wayfarer Portable Solid State AM FM Radio. Works! US $58.99
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 GENERAL ELECTRIC DUAL SPEAKER SOLID STATE VINTAGE RADIO US $29.99
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 GENERAL ELECTRIC SOLID STATE VINTAGE FM/AM RADIO US $29.99
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 Vintage Sansui RA-500 & 5000A Combo Stereo Solid State AMP Amplifier US $69.00
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 SOLID STATE CHANNEL TOUCH ELECTRONIC SCAN REMOTE CONTROL SEARS US $.99
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 Vintage Solid State GE Model C4421-C AM ALARM CLOCK RADIO Colony Green US $9.99
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 Dynaco Stereo 400 solid state amplifier, professionally serviced, no problems US $500.00
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 Vintage Portable Sears Wayfarer Solid State TV Model 5060 US $14.99
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 Vintage Philco Ford Solid State Radio w/ leather case US $5.99
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 Vintage Ross Solid State Miniature Mini Stereo Cabinet Radio Wood 7" X 3 1/2" US $19.99
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 VINTAGE McINTOSH T SHIRT TAN XL amplifier integrated amp tube solid state US $15.00
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 CROWN SOLID STATE 10-TRANSISTOR Portable Radio Reel to Reel Tape Recorder US $99.95
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 Vintage Roberts 771X Solid State Reel To Reel Tape Recorder US $180.00
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 RECEIVER SANSUI 4000 SOLID STATE TUNER / AMPLIFIER & C-16 WOOD CASE+ BOXES US $249.99
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 RCA Solid State Top of Line Catalog 1968 Transistors US $9.99
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Solid State
Rollz - Solid State
A.C. Solid state relay circuit and structure
Solid state a.c. relays are well known. Such relays, with optical isolation between input and output, are also well known. In presently existing devices, many discrete components are commonly required to complete the a.c. circuit. Thus, it maytake thirty or more discrete thyristors, transistors, resistors and capacitors to manufacture a single device. Attempts have been made to integrate the various parts of the entire solid state relay, but these have met only limited success due to the mixof high voltage and high power components.
Solid state relays made in the past have also employed zero voltage crossing circuits to ensure turn on of the thyristor only when the a.c. voltage is within some small "window". These circuits have also been relatively complex and difficult tointegrate into the main power chip. Thus, zero cross firing circuits have required the use of a discrete resistor connected across the power terminals. These resistors have not been easily integrated into a single chip because of the difficulty offorming this resistor on the chip surface.
It has also been difficult to provide so-called "snubberless" operation for the relay under any inductive or resistive load. Thus, while solid state relays may operate well under resistive or slightly inductive loads, they may tend to "halfwave" or "chatter", which is a condition wherein a relay turns on only for one-half of a cycle, under a highly inductive load. This has occurred in the past because the relays are commonly provided with conditioning circuits for suppressing fast turn onof the circuit under some fast transient or high dV/dt condition. When the device is operated under a very highly inductive load, however, voltage transients are commonly generated repetitively during device turn on. When the signal conditioningcircuit misinterprets this as a transient signal, it shuts off the power output during a particular half phase of the operation. The circuit will then appear to turn to normal during the next half wave and the relay will turn on. This condition repeatsso that the relay turns on only during one or another of the half waves of the full cycle. To avoid this condition, relays of the past have been formed with reduced firing sensitivity and this has required reduction of sensitivity to optical firing.
Since prior art relays have been relatively complex, they have required substantial volume for their housings. Moreover, solid state relay of the past have been limited to a maximum temperature rise of about 110° C., thus limiting theircurrent-handling capability. Finally, solid state relays of the past have been relatively expensive in view of the need for large numbers of discrete components and large housings.
In accordance with the present invention, two identical thyristor power chips are provided for an a.c. relay wherein the power chips are both of lateral construction with both cathode and anode electrodes at one surface of each device and whereineach of the chips can be optically fired and has an optically sensitive upper surface which, when illuminated, will permit the device to become conductive between its anode and cathode electrodes.
The gate circuit of each of the thyristors is connected to a novel control circuit, formed either of discrete components or of components merged within the body of the semiconductor material forming the thyristor. The control circuit is operableto prevent turn on, even though the surface is illuminated, when the voltage across the device exceeds a value greater than some predetermined window value, or when high dV/dt transients appear across the device. This control circuit includes a clampingtransistor which can be turned on to clamp the gate of its respective thyristor and a capacitive divider circuit connected across the main power electrodes. The capacitive divider applies a control signal to the control transistor.
One of the capacitors of the capacitive divider includes the distributed capacitance of the control transistor. So long as the control transistor is on, its respective power thyristor cannot turn on even though its surface is illuminated. Thecapacitive divider is arranged so that the control transistor is normally turned on for all absolute voltages across the main device greater than some relatively small window value. Thus, the power thyristor cannot turn on outside of this small windowvalue or zero cross value.
The novel capacitance divider, in combination with the control transistor, will now operate to suppress both fast transients and still allow the device to function under its normal load condition. Thus, voltage transients which are generatedrepetitively during device turn on under highly inductive load conditions will not be misinterpreted as a fast transient and the power thyristor chip will be permitted to turn on in its normal manner under even highly inductive loads.
The novel signal conditioner of the invention also allows for substantial improvement in optical sensitivity of the device without misfiring. Note that currently available optically isolated triac drivers and the like are always limited eitherin dV/dt capability or optical sensitivity because of their inability to separate low level command signals from transients.
A novel housing is provided for the two chip arrangement in which the two chips are easily and inexpensively connected in parallel with one another and are protected from the outer environment. An alumina substrate or other suitable heatconductive but electrically insulative substrate is provided with suitable conductive patterns thereon for receiving the various chips of the switch and for connecting the chip electrodes to suitable output leads. The two identical thyristor chips whichare to be connected in anti-parallel are symmetrically secured to respective conductive pads on the substrate and are in alignment with one another and with the terminal ends of two conductive patterns on the substrate. Two continuous wires are thenstitch-bonded to the thyristor pads and conductive leads in such a manner that one lead wire is electrically connected to the anode pad of one chip, the cathode pad of the second chip and one of the conductive patterns which is connected to an input a.c.lead. The other wire is similarly connected to the other electrodes and conductive pattern to conduct the thyristors in anti-parallel.
plastic cap of a white illumination reflecting material then is secured to the substrate and covers the region of the substrate containing the LED and the two power chips. The interior of this cap may be filled with a transparent plastic whichencloses and encapsulates the surfaces of the chips and their interconnecting leads.
If the control circuit for the power transistor is carried out in discrete form, the discrete components may also be suitably connected to this substrate. Preferably, however, these components are integrated into the individual power chips sothat the entire solid state relay will consist of two power chips and their controls, the LED chip and the various support structures previously described.
About the Author
Greegoo is a ISO9001 certified professional manufacturer and exporter of thyristor diode modules, solid state relay, phase control thyristors, rectifier diodes, circuit breakers, switching power supply, magnetic and dc contactors, proximity and photoelectric sensors, safety light curtains, limited switches, digital panel meters, current transformers and switchgears etc.
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